Thanks @eskimo. "The SystemExtensions framework is intended to be used by a GUI app to load and unload system extensions in response to user actions. It’s not meant to be called from a command-line tool, regardless of how that command-line tool is packaged. Calling it from a command-line tool is unsupported and may yield weird results." Actually, the "activate/deactivate" commands are supported in my GUI app itself, it's not another command-line tool. What I did in the upgrade is to use install script to call my GUI app with parameter, may I know that is not supported?

The crash is caused by an uncaught exception in com.apple.usernotifications.UNUserNotificationServiceConnection.call-out queue. It is essential to inspect your code to identify and address any instances where exceptions might be thrown.

Btw, The issue can be stopped after restarting the bluetoothd since the XPC connection has been reset.

Correction — the transparent proxy should already be stopped. @eskimo.