Updating to Big Sur Beta 9 (released this morning) via Safe Boot solved this issue for me. I had tried literally every fix mentioned. If you're still seeing this issue, do the following:
Shut down your Mac
Hold the left Shift key and power on
Release Shift when able to choose your user and enter your password (if on a corporate owned Mac as I am, you may be prompted to log in again using username and password)
Go to Prefs > Software Update
Update to Beta 9 and realize that Microsoft Teams notifications have no content, but YOU HAVE INTERNET. Huzzah.
Topic:
App & System Services
SubTopic:
Core OS
Tags: