Is it possible you could have bought a stolen phone? Or perhaps your serial number was transposed somewhere? Perhaps if you post your serial number someone at Apple can look it up.

Or maybe just contact AppleCare with your proof of purchase.

I found this other forum thread which might be relevant. https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/774009?answerId=824326022#824326022

The Apple Root CA I see right now expires Feb 9, 2035. If that's the one you mean, it looks updated now.