Exactly the problem for me after upgrading to Xcode 14.1. Tried deleting and re-adding my AppleID account in the XCode Account Prefs., restarting Xcode, rebooting the computer. - No joy. I also tried creating an app-specific password for Xcode, but the Xcode Account prefs page did not accept the app-specific password - it had to be the main AppleID password.

I was having the same problem, for me the fix was to enable Developer Mode on the iPhone. While making the change, I had my iPhone connected to the Mac using USB cable, not sure if that is required though. On the iPhone change dev mode. Settings --> Privacy & Security --> Developer Mode = ON The iPhone had to go through a restart, as soon as it restarted Xcode found the iPhone is sync'd and all seemed to work OK.