Big Sur is out of beta, and custom CIFilters are still broken.
"Do built-in filters like CIGaussianBlur still work?" - yes, Apple-made filters, such as CIColorMonochrome or CIGaussianBlur work fine on Big Sur, but anything custom, even the most basic filter written as per the Core Image Programming Guide, fails on Big Sur but works on Catalina and older macOS versions.
It is deeply disconcerting that such a glaring bug was not fixed at the beta stage.
Topic:
UI Frameworks
SubTopic:
AppKit
Tags: