For anyone who comes across this thread, I’ll keep it updated with any new developments. So far, it seems to be an issue with my machine.
I can’t even open apps after downloading them. For example:
Apple could not verify “Visual Studio Code” is free of malware that may harm your Mac or compromise your privacy.
Gatekeeper is set to "App Store & Known Developers"
Having said that, I believe stapling issues are connected.
Topic:
Code Signing
SubTopic:
Notarization