It happens at runtime. It's some kind of an anti aliasing problem but I just can't seem to figure out how to solve it

Turns out this can be solved by using addClip() on both bezier paths

I did some more testing since the project doesn't use any log-related environment variables. It turned out that it had something to do with the iPhone I was using to run the app on. It was on iOS 17.1.1. I updated it to 17.4 and now those logs are gone. Not really sure what was going on though ... Thanks anyway @eskimo :)