Hi Quinn, Thank you for the reply that clarifies my 'hallucination'. I know the whole thing sounds a little bit strange. However, on linux (ubuntu), we have ip rule which is independent of route table; on windows, we have 'Windows Filter Platform' -- to be honest I haven't looked into it yet, but it supposedly can filter packets and redirect them into different TUN interface without changing the route table. If macOS have two of everything (I know it doesn't know xD), how could it not have a way to determine package routing manually? Do we have any alternative at all? For example, configure anchor in pf.conf. I'm also a little bit curious about other VPN's split tunneling function. Do they not exist/not work on macOS at all?

Thanks for all the info! I could use routing table and it works perfectly. I was required to find a way not to using it somehow, but now with your reply, I can definitely try to flip the table with confidence. Quinn you're the best :)