I've noticed that when an SMB link stalls, in a scenario such as a time machine network backup, due to any cause (NAS disk or network sleep, Wi-Fi roam/drop), in-flight SMB I/O blocks uninterruptibly instead of completing or returning an error. This unfortunately leaves APFS with outstanding I/O against a backing store that will neither finish nor fail. This results in any sort of network stall turning into a kernel panic, since nothing in the I/O path enforces a timeout or error return. I've experienced this since Sequoia, and is still present in Golden Gate. I'm sure if this is the best place to post this, but I have not been able to find a workaround to-date to prevent this from consistently happening. When I open my MacBook in the morning there's a 50/50 chance that it kernel panicked overnight. I also filed a feedback (FB24460131), but have heard no response.

Frequently, when transferring large files using AirDrop, it will suddenly fail mid-transfer. Looking into the macOS logs reveals the fault: error 19:45:25.701432-0700 sharingd SDAirDropFileZipper: bomCopierFatalErrorPtr - cpio read error: bad file format error 19:45:25.701517-0700 sharingd SDAirDropCompressor: CFWriteStreamWrite returned -1 default 19:45:25.701533-0700 sharingd Zipper Update: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=5 "Input/output error" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=cpio read error: bad file format} default 19:45:25.706094-0700 sharingd Closing output stream default 19:45:25.707901-0700 sharingd Invalidating XPC helper for macOS downloads directory error 19:45:25.708039-0700 sharingd Decompression failed Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=5 "Input/output error" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=cpio read error: bad file format}