Thank you for your reply, I think I understand what you said, I will optimize my code according to your explanation, thank you for your help, your answer is very helpful to me. (-:

The method I use now is to forge the es_message_t object, so as to verify the corresponding relevant code logic through XCTest and carry out coverage statistics. However, some operation functions of the es_message_t object may not be directly called, which will cause crash.

How do you monitor Darkwake? If possible, could you share some sample code?