Hi, thanks for answering!
I'm already using otool, because I found an old post by you explaining a little bit about otool for a different question.
I used it and I think I could pinpoint the problem.
In my case I have two statements referring to the CoreData Framework:
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreData.framework/Versions/A/CoreData (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1048.0.0)
Which seems to be the correct entry.
But at the very end I have an additional line:
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreData.framework/CoreData (compatibility version 300.0.0, current version 1775.118.101)
Which I suppose is the problem. I have also checked the same for an old build that I did (which was still working on 10.13) and the output is basically the same but without the probably problematic last line.
Right now I'm in the process of figuring out where this last line comes from.
Thank you, again! I will post if I figure out the where this line comes from.