For at least Xcode 15.2 you need also ~/Library/Developer/Xcode, ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/iOS DeviceSupport and ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/tvOS DeviceSupport to be real folders if you have no iOS DeviceSupport and tvOS DeviceSupport folders, just make Xcode as folder and add symlinks to Archives, DerivedData etc. Then on first connect iOS/tvOS device, Xcode would create proper iOS DeviceSupport or tvOS DeviceSupport folder and store device data there

If you have already DeviceSupport folders - copy them to your ~/Library/Developer/Xcode folder, everything else in ~/Library/Developer/Xcode could be symlinks