While adopting SwiftUI (and Swift Concurrency) into a macOS/AppKit application, I'm making extensive use of the .task(id:) view modifier. In general, this is working better than expected however I'm curious if there are design patterns I can better leverage when the number of properties that need to be "monitored" grows. Consider the following pseudo-view whereby I want to call updateFilters whenever one of three separate strings is changed. struct FiltersView: View { @State var argument1: String @State var argument2: String @State var argument3: String var body: some View { TextField($argument1) TextField($argument2) TextField($argument3) }.task(id: argument1) { await updateFilters() }.task(id: argument2) { await updateFilters() }.task(id: argument3) { await updateFilters() } } Is there a better way to handle this? The best I've come up with is to nest the properties inside struct. While that works, I now find myself creating these "dummy types" in a bunch of views whenever two or more properties need to trigger an update. ex: struct FiltersView: View { struct Components: Equatable { var argument1: String var argument2: String var argument3: String } @State var components: Components var body: some View { // TextField's with bindings to $components... }.task(id: components) { await updateFilters() } } Curious if there are any cleaner ways to accomplish this because this gets a bit annoying over a lot of views and gets cumbersome when some values are passed down to child views. It also adds an entire layer of indirection who's only purpose is to trigger task(id:).

Using SwiftUI on macOS, how can I add a toolbar item on the right-most (trailing) edge of the window's toolbar when an Inspector is used? At the moment, the toolbar items are all left-of (leading) the split view tracking separator. I want the inspector toolbar item to be placed similar to where Xcode's Inspector toolbar item is placed: always as far right (trailing) as possible. NavigationSplitView { // ... snip } detail: { // ... snip } .inspector(isPresented: $isInspectorPresented) { InspectorContentView() } .toolbar { // What is the correct placement value here? ToolbarItem(placement: .primaryAction) { Button { isInspectorPresented.toggle() } label: { Label("Toggle Inspector", systemImage: "sidebar.trailing") } } } See the attached screenshot. When the InspectorView is toggled open, the toolbar item tracks leading the split view tracking separator, which is not consistent with how Xcode works.

I am using an NSOutlineView via NSViewRepresentable in a SwiftUI application running on macOS. Everything has been working fine. Up until lately, I've been returning a custom NSView for each item using the standard: func outlineView(_ outlineView: NSOutlineView, viewFor tableColumn: NSTableColumn?, item: Any) -> NSView? { // View recycling omitted. return MyItemView(item) } Now I want to explore using a little bit more SwiftUI and returning an NSHostingView from this delegate method. func outlineView(_ outlineView: NSOutlineView, viewFor tableColumn: NSTableColumn?, item: Any) -> NSView? { // View recycling omitted. let rootView = MySwiftUIView(item) let hostingView = NSHostingView(rootView: rootView) return hostingView } For the most part, this appears to be working fine. NSOutlineView is even correctly applying highlight styling, so that's great. But there's one small glitch. The outline view's disclosure triangles do not align with the hosting view's content. The disclosure triangles appear to just be pinned to the top. Perhaps they can't find a baseline constraint or something? Is there any SwiftUI modifier or AppKit/SwiftUI technique I can apply here to get the disclosure button to appear in the right place? Here is what the SwiftUI + NSHostingView version looks like: Note the offset disclosure indicators. (Image spacing is a bit off as well using Label, but fixable. Here is what an NSView with NSTextFields looks like: Disclosure indicators are correctly aligned, as you would expect.

I'm looking for clarification on a SwiftUI performance point mentioned in the recent Optimize your app's speed and efficiency | Meet with Apple video. (YouTube link not allowed, but the video is available on the Apple Developer channel.) At the 1:48:50 mark, the presenter says: Writing a value to the Environment doesn't only affect the views that read the key you're updating. It updates any view that reads from any Environment key. [abbreviated quote] That statement seems like a big deal if your app relies heavily on Environment values. Context I'm building a macOS application with a traditional three-panel layout. At any given time, there are many views on screen, plus others that exist in the hierarchy but are currently hidden (for example, views inside tab views or collapsed splitters). Nearly every major view reads something from the environment—often an @Observable object that acts as a service or provider. However, there are a few relatively small values that are written to the environment frequently, such as: The selected tab index The currently selected object on a canvas The Question Based on the presenter's statement, I’m wondering: Does writing any value to the environment really cause all views in the entire SwiftUI view hierarchy that read any environment key to have their body re-evaluated? Do environment writes only affect child views, or do they propagate through the entire SwiftUI hierarchy? Example: View A └─ View B ├─ View C └─ View D If View B updates an environment value, does that affect only C and D, or does it also trigger updates in A and B (assuming each view has at least one @Environment property)? Possible Alternative If all views are indeed invalidated by environment writes, would it be more efficient to “wrap” frequently-changing values inside an @Observable object instead of updating the environment directly? // Pseudocode @Observable final class SelectedTab { var index: Int } ContentView() .environment(\.selectedTab, selectedTab) struct TabView: View { @Environment(\.selectedTab) private var selectedTab var body: some View { Button("Action") { // Would this avoid invalidating all views using the environment? selectedTab.index = 1 } } } Summary From what I understand, it sounds like the environment should primarily be used for stable, long-lived objects—not for rapidly changing values—since writes might cause far more view invalidations than most developers realize. Is that an accurate interpretation? Follow-Up In Xcode 26 / Instruments, is there a way to monitor writes to @Environment?

I'm trying to use an NSImage that represents an SF Symbol as the contents of a CALayer. NSImage has an API for this in the form of [NSImage layerContentsForContentsScale:]. On the NSImage documentation page, there's even a few paragraph at the top dedicated to using this very method. But how do you set the color you want the image to render as if the image is an SF Symbol? NSImageView has .contentTintColor which works great, but CALayer has no such property. final class SymbolLayer: CALayer { func display() { // Just an example... let image = NSImage(systemSymbolName: "paperclip", accessibilityDescription: nil)! let actualScaleFactor = image.recommendedLayerContentsScale(contentsScale) // This obviously produces a black image because there's no color or tint information anywhere.     contents = image.layerContents(forContentsScale: actualScaleFactor) } } Is there a way you can configure the CALayer or the NSImage itself to have some sort of color information when it generates the layer contents? I've attempted to play around with the SymbolConfiguration coolers but without any success. (Even when wrapped inside NSAppearance.performAsCurrentDrawingAppearance.) The best I can come up with is to use CALayer.draw(in:) and then use the old NSImage.cgImage(forProposedRect:...) API. I can then set the fill color on the CGContext and go from there. Is there a more efficient way? override func draw(in context: CGContext) { let image = NSImage(systemSymbolName: "paperclip", accessibilityDescription: nil)!   var rect = bounds image.size = bounds.size let cgImage = image.cgImage( forProposedRect: &rect, context: nil, hints: [.ctm: AffineTransform(scale: contentsScale)] )! NSApp.effectiveAppearance.performAsCurrentDrawingAppearance { // Draw using an Appearance-sensitive color.     context.clip(to: bounds, mask: cgImage)     context.setFillColor(NSColor.labelColor.cgColor)     context.fill(bounds)   } } This is for macOS 12+.

In WWDC21 session 10233: Bring Encrypted Archives and Performance Improvements to Your App with Accelerate, there is an example of encrypting a directory using the AppleArchive framework. There is also accompanying sample code. However, that sample code uses a SymmetricKey and the hkdf_sha256_aesctr_hmac__symmetric__none profile. The key is set by calling context.setSymmetricKey(encryptionKey). How can you perform the same operation of encrypting a directory using AppleArchive but with a "human" password? (i.e.: A password provided by the user from a prompt?) Simply changing the profile to hkdf_sha256_aesctr_hmac__scrypt__none and then calling `context.setPassword("MyPassword") producing the following output "Error setting password (invalidValue)." I also tried using the command line aea application, but received the output Password is too short. Prompt: > aea encrypt -v -password-value "password" -profile 5 -i MyDirectory -o MyDirectory.aea Operation: encrypt input: FOO output: FOO.aea profile: hkdf_sha256_aesctr_hmac__scrypt__none worker threads: 10 auth data (raw): 0 B compression: lzfse 1 MB Error 0xb9075800 Password is too short Main key derivation failed (-2) Main key derivation Invalid encryption parameters Finally, in the file AEAContext.h, there is a comment associated with the method AEAContextSetPassword() that states: Set context password Stores a copy of password in context. Required to encrypt / decrypt a stream when encryption mode is SCRYPT. An internal size range is enforced for the password. The caller is expected to enforce password strength policies. @param context target object @param password password (raw data) @param password_size password size (bytes) @return 0 on success, a negative error code on failure I cannot find any other documentation that states what the password policy. And if there is a password policy for AppleEncryptedArchives, does that mean AEA is not a good fit for encrypting personal directories where the user just wants to use "any old password", regardless of the password's strength?

I'm wondering what the correct, or recommended, way is to dismiss a SwiftUI that is being presented as a sheet hosted by an NSHostingController. The usual technique of invoking @Environment(\.dismiss) does not appear to work. Consider the code below. An NSWindowController is attempting to display a SwiftUI SettingsView as a sheet. The sheet is correctly presented, but the SettingsView is unable to dismiss itself. I am able to make it work by passing a closure into SettingsView that calls back to the NSWindowController but it's rather convoluted because SettingsView doesn't know the view controller that's hosting it until after SettingsView has been created, which means "finding" that view controller in the window controller to dismiss is more involved than it should be. Is there a better strategy to leverage here? final class MyViewController: NSViewController { @IBAction func buttonClicked(_ sender: NSButton) { if let presenter = window?.contentViewController { presenter.presentAsSheet(NSHostingController(rootView: SettingsView())) } } } struct SettingsView: View { @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss var body: some View { VStack { Button("Cancel", role: .cancel) { dismiss() // This call does not dismiss the sheet. } .keyboardShortcut(.cancelAction) } } } Thank you. macOS 15.4.1 (24E263), Xcode 16.3 (16E140)

I'm currently integrating SwiftUI into an AppKit based application and was curious if the design pattern below was viable or not. In order to "bridge" between AppKit and SwiftUI, most of my SwiftUI "root" views have aViewModel that is accessible to the SwiftUI view via @ObservedObject. When a SwiftUI views need to use NSViewRepresentable I'm finding the use of a ViewModel and a Coordinator to be an unnecessary layer of indirection. In cases where it makes sense, I've just used the ViewModel as the Coordinator and it all appears to be working ok, but I'm curious if this is reasonable design pattern or if I'm overlooking something. Consider the following pseudo code: // 1. A normal @ObservedObject acting as the ViewModel that also owns and manages an NSTableView. @MainActor final class ViewModel: ObservedObject, NSTableView... { let scrollView: NSScrollView let tableView: NSTableView @Published var selectedTitle: String init() { // ViewModel manages tableView as its dataSource and delegate. tableView.dataSource = self tableView.delegate = self } func reload() { tableView.reloadData() } // Update view model properties. // Simpler than passing back up through a Coordinator. func tableViewSelectionDidChange(_ notification: Notification) { selectedTitle = tableView.selectedItem.title } } // 2. A normal SwiftUI view, mostly driven by the ViewModel. struct ContentView: View { @ObservedObject model: ViewModel var body: some View { Text(model.selectedTitle) // No need to pass anything down other than the view model. MyTableView(model: model) Button("Reload") { model.reload() } Button("Delete") { model.deleteRow(...) } } } // 3. A barebones NSViewRepresentable that just vends the required NSView. No other state is required as the ViewModel handles all interactions with the view. struct MyTableView: NSViewRepresentable { // Can this even be an NSView? let model: ViewModel func makeNSView(context: Context) -> some NSView { return model.scrollView } func updateNSView(_ nsView: NSViewType, context: Context) { // Not needed, all updates are driven through the ViewModel. } } From what I can tell, the above is working as expected, but I'm curious if there are some situations where this could "break", particularly around the lifecycle of NSViewRepresentable Would love to know if overall pattern is "ok" from a SwiftUI perspective.

In SwiftUI's List, on macOS, if I embed a TextField then the text field is presented as non-editable. If the user clicks on the text and waits a short period of time, the text field will become editable. I'm aware this is generally the correct behaviour for macOS. However, is there a way in SwiftUI to supress this behaviour such that the TextField is always presented as being editable? I want a scrollable, List of editable text fields, much like how a Form is presented. The reason I'm not using a Form is because I want List's support for reordering by drag-and-drop (.onMove). Use Case A view that allows a user to compose a questionnaire. They are able to add and remove questions (rows) and each question is editable. They require drag-and-drop support so that they can reorder the questions.

In SwiftUI for macOS, how can I hide the tab bar when using TabView? I would like to provide my own tab bar implementation. In AppKit's NSTabViewController, we can do the following: let tabViewController = NSTabViewController() tabViewController.tabStyle = .unspecified I've come across various posts that suggest using the .toolbar modifier, but none appear to work on macOS (or at least I haven't found the right implementation). struct ContentView: View { var body: some View { TabView { // ... content } <- which view modifier hides the tab bar? } } Latest macOS, Latest Xcode

In SwiftUI for macOS, how can I animate the transition from one Tab to another Tab within TabView when the selection changes? In AppKit, we can do the following: let tabViewController = NSTabViewController() tabViewController.transitionOptions = [.crossfade, .allowUserInteraction] How can I achieve the same crossfade effect when using TabView?

When using NSTableView or NSOutlineView, if you use an NSTableCellView and wire up the .imageView and .textField properties then you get some "free" behaviour with respect to styling and sizing of those fields. (ex: They reflect the user's preferred "Sidebar Icon Size" as selected in Settings. ) If I'm using a SwiftUI View inside an NSTableCellView, is there any way to connect a Text or Image to those properties? Consider the following pseudo code: struct MyCellView: View { let text: String let url: URL? var body: some View { HStack { Image(...) // How to indicate this is .imageView? Text(...) // How to indicate this is .textField? } } } final class MyTableCellView: NSTableCellView { private var hostingView: NSHostingView<MyCellView>! init() { self.hostingView = NSHostingView(rootView: MyCellView(text: "", url: nil)) self.addSubview(self.hostingView) } func configureWith(text: String, url: URL) { let rootView = MyCellView(text: text, url: url) hostingView.rootView = rootView // How can I make this connection? self.textField = rootView.??? self.imageView = rootView.??? } } I'm ideally looking for a solution that works on macOS 15+.

What is the correct way to track the number of items in a relationship using SwiftData and SwiftUI? Imagine a macOS application with a sidebar that lists Folders and Tags. An Item can belong to a Folder and have many Tags. In the sidebar, I want to show the name of the Folder or Tag along with the number of Items in it. I feel like I'm missing something obvious within SwiftData to wire this up such that my SwiftUI views correctly updated whenever the underlying modelContext is updated. // The basic schema @Model final class Item { var name = "Untitled Item" var folder: Folder? = nil var tags: [Tag] = [] } @Model final class Folder { var name = "Untitled Folder" var items: [Item] = [] } @Model final class Tag { var name = "Untitled Tag" var items: [Item] = [] } // A SwiftUI view to show a Folder. struct FolderRowView: View { let folder: Folder // Should I use an @Query here?? // @Query var items: [Item] var body: some View { HStack { Text(folder.name) Spacer() Text(folder.items.count.formatted()) } } } The above code works, once, but if I then add a new Item to that Folder, then this SwiftUI view does not update. I can make it work if I use an @Query with an #Predicate but even then I'm not quite sure how the #Predicate is supposed to be written. (And it seems excessive to have an @Query on every single row, given how many there could be.) struct FolderView: View { @Query private var items: [Item] private var folder: Folder init(folder: Folder) { self.folder = folder // I've read online that this needs to be captured outside the Predicate? let identifier = folder.persistentModelID _items = Query(filter: #Predicate { link in // Is this syntax correct? The results seem inconsistent in my app... if let folder = link.folder { return folder.persistentModelID == identifier } else { return false } }) } var body: some View { HStack { Text(folder.name) Spacer() // This mostly works. Text(links.count.formatted()) } } } As I try to integrate SwiftData and SwiftUI into a traditional macOS app with a sidebar, content view and inspector I'm finding it challenging to understand how to wire everything up. In this particular example, tracking the count, is there a "correct" way to handle this?

When performing custom layout in AppKit, it's essential that you pixel align frames using methods like backingAlignedRect. The alignment differs depending on the backingScaleFactor of the parent window. When building custom Layouts in SwiftUI, how should you compute the alignment of a subview.frame in placeSubviews() before calling subview.place(...)? Surprisingly, I haven't seen any mention of this in the WWDC videos. However, if I create a Rectangle of width 1px and then position it on fractional coordinates, I get a blurry view, as I would expect. Rounding to whole numbers works, but on Retina screens you should be able to round to 0.5 as well. func placeSubviews( in bounds: CGRect, proposal: ProposedViewSize, subviews: Subviews, cache: inout Void ) { // This should be backing aligned based on the parent window's backing scale factor. var frame = CGRect( x: 10.3, y: 10.8, width: 300.6, height: 300.1 ) subview.place( at: frame.origin, anchor: .topLeading, proposal: ProposedViewSize(frame.size) ) }

Given a View in SwiftUI for macOS, how can I tell if that view is hidden either because it, or any of its ancestor's opacity is 0.0 or the .hidden modifier has been applied? Presumably I can manually do this with an Environment value on the ancestor view, but I'm curious if this can be done more idiomatically. An example use case: I have views that run long-running Tasks via the .task(id:) modifier. These tasks only need to be running if the View itself is visible to the user. When the View is hidden, the task should stop. When the View reappears, the Task should restart. This happens automatically when Views are created and destroyed, but does not happen when a view is only hidden.