What's the recommended way to detect that the app is running on an iPhone Duo?
There is no API to detect whether your app is running on iPhone Duo. Is there anything in particular you are looking for?
An iPhone Duo app is still an iPhone app, and other than avoiding placing interactive UI on reserved regions, the recommendation would be to not introduce behavior that is specific to the device.
One thing to keep in mind is that all iPhone apps can be resized to any size. Starting with iOS 27, iPhone apps can be resized on iPad and on Mac via iPhone Mirroring.
If you still are looking to introduce device-specific behavior, could you please elaborate on what you are trying to build?