I discovered this nugget of Apple Documentation. It visualises how the scheme is the link specifying which build target is used by the test target. Unfortunately this doesn't seem to be the case. The host application field in the test target (general tab) appears to be the main determinator. So my assumptions above seem to be correct, and you can be easily be misled into assuming one build target is used whereas in fact another target is used.
Tip: Include a screenshot of the about page of your app/clip/widget to avoid being misled.
Topic:
Developer Tools & Services
SubTopic:
Xcode
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