I believe I found a solution.
When updating the OS, you need to agree again to the Xcode licence agreement. In the terminal:
sudo xcodebuild -license
Put in your password, and then hit enter to view the licence agreement. Press space until you get to the end and type "agree" to agree to the licence.
make and gcc should then work.
Topic:
Developer Tools & Services
SubTopic:
Xcode
Tags: