Same issue here, consistently happening with a simple one file C program. Also, a student of mine has same issue. Appeared when updated Xcode to version 15.
To reproduce, create a simple C project and run it. Let the app finish, then run it again --> Xcode crashes.
Here is the relevant crash report:
-------------------------------------
Translated Report (Full Report Below)
-------------------------------------
Process: Xcode [6690]
Path: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/MacOS/Xcode
Identifier: com.apple.dt.Xcode
Version: 15.0 (22265)
Build Info: IDEApplication-22265000000000000~3 (15A240d)
App Item ID: 497799835
App External ID: 859515098
Code Type: ARM-64 (Native)
Parent Process: launchd [1]
User ID: 501
Date/Time: 2023-09-27 09:48:24.5847 +0300
OS Version: macOS 14.0 (23A344)
Report Version: 12
Anonymous UUID: 5B7DC7A8-5AAC-B40C-2646-2B1C20EE288A
Time Awake Since Boot: 43000 seconds
System Integrity Protection: enabled
Crashed Thread: 0 Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000
Termination Reason: Namespace SIGNAL, Code 6 Abort trap: 6
Terminating Process: Xcode [6690]
Application Specific Information:
abort() called
Application Specific Signatures:
NSInvalidArgumentException
Application Specific Backtrace 0:
0 CoreFoundation 0x000000018ba948c0 __exceptionPreprocess + 176
1 DVTFoundation 0x0000000103f53e30 DVTFailureHintExceptionPreprocessor + 388
2 libobjc.A.dylib 0x000000018b58deb4 objc_exception_throw + 60
3 CoreFoundation 0x000000018bb86b3c -[__NSCFString characterAtIndex:].cold.1 + 0
4 CoreFoundation 0x000000018ba0bf54 -[NSConstantDictionary objectForKey:] + 0
5 SourceEditor 0x0000000123bcc3ec $s12SourceEditor0ab4DataA0C17deleteTextInRangeyAA0aB8PositionVSnyAFGF + 2300
6 IDEConsoleKit 0x00000001179f2fb4 $s13IDEConsoleKit0A4ViewC21removeAllConsoleItems33_16D2ADED863F10BE3A741D5B18B494B7LLyyF + 516
7 IDEConsoleKit 0x00000001179f0c7c $s13IDEConsoleKit0A4ViewC10setMatchesyySaySo0A4ItemCGF + 712
8 IDEConsoleKit 0x00000001179aa328 $s13IDEConsoleKit0A13FilterManagerC13filterConsole33_2971D1EE5E4DDD5D099E1A896C78B97ALL011incrementalC0ySb_tFyycfU1_ + 128
9 IDEConsoleKit 0x0000000117993158 $sIeg_IeyB_TR + 28
10 DVTFoundation 0x0000000103ff2a48 $sIeg_IeyB_TR + 28
11 DVTFoundation 0x0000000103f97330 __DVT_CALLING_CLIENT_BLOCK__ + 16
12 DVTFoundation 0x0000000103f97cf0 __DVTDispatchAsync_block_invoke + 48
13 libdispatch.dylib 0x000000018b793cb8 _dispatch_call_block_and_release + 32
14 libdispatch.dylib 0x000000018b795910 _dispatch_client_callout + 20
15 libdispatch.dylib 0x000000018b7a3fa8 _dispatch_main_queue_drain + 984
16 libdispatch.dylib 0x000000018b7a3bc0 _dispatch_main_queue_callback_4CF + 44
17 CoreFoundation 0x000000018ba61220 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_SERVICING_THE_MAIN_DISPATCH_QUEUE__ + 16
18 CoreFoundation 0x000000018ba1eaac __CFRunLoopRun + 1996
19 CoreFoundation 0x000000018ba1dc2c CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 608
20 HIToolbox 0x0000000195f76448 RunCurrentEventLoopInMode + 292
21 HIToolbox 0x0000000195f76284 ReceiveNextEventCommon + 648
22 HIToolbox 0x0000000195f75fdc _BlockUntilNextEventMatchingListInModeWithFilter + 76
23 AppKit 0x000000018f1f8f90 _DPSNextEvent + 660
24 AppKit 0x000000018f9ccb94 -[NSApplication(NSEventRouting) _nextEventMatchingEventMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue:] + 716
25 DVTKit 0x0000000102e08a9c -[DVTApplication nextEventMatchingMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue:] + 300
26 AppKit 0x000000018f1ec43c -[NSApplication run] + 476
27 DVTKit 0x0000000102e07cbc -[DVTApplication run] + 60
28 AppKit 0x000000018f1c3708 NSApplicationMain + 880
29 dyld 0x000000018b5c9058 start + 2224
Thread 0 Crashed:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x18b90b11c __pthread_kill + 8
1 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x18b942cc0 pthread_kill + 288
2 libsystem_c.dylib 0x18b852a50 abort + 180
3 IDEKit 0x107a60d58 +[IDEAssertionHandler _handleAssertionWithLogString:assertionSignature:assertionReason:extraBacktrace:] + 972
4 IDEKit 0x107a61e88 -[IDEAssertionHandler handleUncaughtException:] + 596
5 IDEKit 0x107a621b8 IDEHandleUncaughtException + 68
6 CoreFoundation 0x18bb38f84 __handleUncaughtException + 800
7 libobjc.A.dylib 0x18b597888 _objc_terminate() + 132
8 libc++abi.dylib 0x18b8f9a9c std::__terminate(void (*)()) + 16
9 libc++abi.dylib 0x18b8f9a40 std::terminate() + 56
10 libdispatch.dylib 0x18b795924 _dispatch_client_callout + 40
11 libdispatch.dylib 0x18b7a3fa8 _dispatch_main_queue_drain + 984
12 libdispatch.dylib 0x18b7a3bc0 _dispatch_main_queue_callback_4CF + 44
13 CoreFoundation 0x18ba61220 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_SERVICING_THE_MAIN_DISPATCH_QUEUE__ + 16
14 CoreFoundation 0x18ba1eaac __CFRunLoopRun + 1996
15 CoreFoundation 0x18ba1dc2c CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 608
16 HIToolbox 0x195f76448 RunCurrentEventLoopInMode + 292
17 HIToolbox 0x195f76284 ReceiveNextEventCommon + 648
18 HIToolbox 0x195f75fdc _BlockUntilNextEventMatchingListInModeWithFilter + 76
19 AppKit 0x18f1f8f90 _DPSNextEvent + 660
20 AppKit 0x18f9ccb94 -[NSApplication(NSEventRouting) _nextEventMatchingEventMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue:] + 716
21 DVTKit 0x102e08a9c -[DVTApplication nextEventMatchingMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue:] + 300
22 AppKit 0x18f1ec43c -[NSApplication run] + 476
23 DVTKit 0x102e07cbc -[DVTApplication run] + 60
24 AppKit 0x18f1c3708 NSApplicationMain + 880
25 dyld 0x18b5c9058 start + 2224