If your are using Swift, then you must also include module name when you specify the principal class in the info.plist like this:
<key>NSExtensionPrincipalClass</key>
<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).FileProvider</string>
I also did what you described above and it works for me: https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/122351?answerId=645095022#645095022
Topic:
App & System Services
SubTopic:
Core OS
Tags: