Quinn, thank you very much for this comprehensive response, and the associated code segment! When I had the staple error, I did try and fetch the Notary log via this command: xcrun notarytool log e78bfef8-5b53-410a-b00b-3319b16873b9 --apple-id "my apple ID" --team-id YQYPLL5DXU --password "my app password" I received a reply that there was no log available. However, on trying again to code-sign and notarize yesterday, the Electron-Forge procedure that I follow worked! I think that the second scenario you mention was occurring - an attempt to staple without notarization occurring. I will contact the Electron-Forge developers and see whether they can update to wait for ticket receipt before stapling.

That is very useful to know, thanks a lot for the comprehensive guidance!!