Update: Problem solved for my MBP 16" by doing this:
leave beta program with the computer, if i's in
create a TimeMachine backup if needed
Reset NVRAM
Delete SSD
Reinstall the original MacOS, which came with the Mac by booting with shift-option-command-R (important! Just reinstalling the latest Catalina or Big Sur didn't work for me!)
Update to BigSur release version - no beta!
Migrate backup if needed with migration assistant
that's it, hope it helps you too!
edit: I tried to include the links to the support pages from Apple for the steps, but the Forum won't let me. So please search for the according guides in Apple Support to make sure you do the steps right.
Topic:
App & System Services
SubTopic:
Core OS
Tags: