I was focusing on macOS 15 since I could test that OS more easily. I have now tested on macOS 14; it fails with the exact same error as macOS 15. macOS 26 works without issue.

Thank you for looking into this. When you say “as far as I know this issue was fixed in Xcode, not in macOS”, do you mean I should open a report for macOS? That would not work well for me since backdeployment is serving users who have not updated to the latest OS version. A bugfix in macOS 15 would not allow me to deploy my software to macOS 15 since many users of that OS would not install the bugfix in a timely manner.