I have the same problem since updating to Sonoma. It must be an Active Directory issue, as I do not see this issue on my private computer with only one local account (apps and extensions installed are the same). There is a workaround I found that might work for others though... When I unplug the network cable prior to booting up, spotlight, mail and settings work once the computer is running. Then plugging in the network cable does not cause the problem to reoccur until another reboot, at which point I have to unplug the network cable again. Completely ridiculous, but at least there is a sort of workable workaround...