I have encountered the same problem on Ventura 13.0.1. As a workaround I've used DiskArbitration, which seems to report file system correctly:
#include <DiskArbitration/DiskArbitration.h>
DASessionRef session = DASessionCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault);
CFURLRef mpURL = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath(kCFAllocatorDefault, CFSTR("/Volumes/NO NAME/"), kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, YES);
DADiskRef diskRef = DADiskCreateFromVolumePath(kCFAllocatorDefault, session, mpURL);
CFDictionaryRef description = DADiskCopyDescription(diskRef);
NSDictionary* diskInfo = (__bridge NSDictionary *)description;
NSLog(@"%@", [diskInfo valueForKey:@"DAVolumeKind"]);
Topic:
App & System Services
SubTopic:
Core OS
Tags: