In my case, I solved this problem by removing usb relevant app from Settings>General>LoginItems. After restarting, then Xcode recoginized my iPhone as a development device. Before being solved, my other old iPhone worked and iPad was also worked. Only my main iPhone didn't work. but It solved now for all.

Maybe I found the reason of this bug... if you use iOS 15 (not found iOS 14), and you write the code NavigationLink to go to same View in different locations in your projects, then this bug appear. So I simply made another View that has different destination View name but the same contents... then it works.. you can try.... sorry for my poor English...