You should be able to use https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization/vznetworkdeviceconfiguration/3656653-macaddress?language=objc to get the virtual machine mac address. You can then parse /var/db/dhcpd_leases and lookup this mac address to find the IP which was assigned to the VM.

I saw mentions of "Plain Disks" in Parallels documentation, from the description, they look like raw disk images, which is what is expected by the Virtualization framework. Did you try these?

I've created https://feedbackassistant.apple.com/feedback/13423851

Some projects run chrony in the guest for NTP, and use make_step 1 -1 to ensure it resyncs when there's a big time difference. https://github.com/containers/podman-machine-os/blob/main/podman-image/50-podman-makestep.conf

See https://github.com/containers/krunkit/ which is using libkrun (mentioned above). Its authors made a number of presentations about it.

This has also been reported in podman issue tracker https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/25015 My coworker who has a m4 could not reproduce this issue :(