I met the same bug here and have reported it. Wondering if there is any workaround besides reverting to stable versions.

The bug is still here, verified on iOS 18 beta 5 (iPhone 12 Pro) and Xcode 16.0 beta 5. Cannot even turn on the developer mode via Xcode. Even if I turned on using other third-party software, the Xcode still cannot connect to my iPhone.