Although I have reduced my Mac's MTU to solve the MTU blackhole problem, Safari is quite slow if I enabled iCloud private relay (scenario 1). At the same time, Chrome functions normally.
When I turns off iCloud private relay, the Safari's performance improves immediately.
Packets captured by tcpdump at a LAN gateway (FreeBSD) shows iCloud private relay uses UDP protocol and doesn't fallback to TCP protocol. If the MTU blackhole is a problem, the connection will switch to TCP protocol, given prior tcpdump captures.
I am waiting for macOS 27 Beta 5 but still no update released yet.