I had this issue and posted here earlier. I thought Apple rolled something out that fixes this, as I've not had this in a few weeks now. Currently running Version 15.0.1 (15A507) iPad 10.5 Pro iOS 17.1.1 (21B91). Not sure what changed to me, but debugging over USB is back to regular speeds and even wireless debugging is fast now. Not sure what happened so I expected all the recent messages here to be the same :/

Same issue here since Xcode 15 iOS 17 device (I really hoped 17.0.3 would fix but it didn't). Now I've got a problem of my app not installing when I'm running from Xcode. So I cannot recommend that my team upgrades until this is fixed, as we simply won't be able to code. Raise a bug FB13256031

An update on this. I think this is still a little buggy. Sometimes clearing trusted computers works, sometimes it does not. What I've resorted to doing, is downloading and using Xcode 14 to install builds, and that installs builds successfully even builds created by Xcode 15.

Thank you @BioDranik, your solution worked perfectly for me. There's always something with each release, but I'm glad someone figured out a workaround! I was starting to think there were more underlying adhoc build issues with Xcode 15!