Let me list just a few of my experiences.
The Desktop, Documents, and Downloads directories have some additional rules. If your executable is located in one of these places, see if moving it will help.
Even if the main Mach object is a universal format with ARM and Intel, it may be that some of the embedded frameworks don't contain ARM version. I had some programs with this situation try to run using ARM because the main program was universal but then fail to open when it tried to load the frameworks.
Make sure that it runs on an Intel MacOS system. There were some changes with Big Sur, and you want to make sure it isn't those issues burning you rather than the ARM/Intel issue.
Make sure that try setting the file to use Rosetta using the options in "get info" in the finder.
Some of the options for granting the programs privileges won't allow the privileges to be executed until you have run the program. For example, some programs won't let you read or write the Desktop or Documents directory. However, after you have read and written files in other directories, it will let you add privileges. Note that a program that contains a save or open panel that allows all directories will sometimes need privileges even if you aren't using those directories at the time.
Please note that having 777 permissions on the files and directories will not grant you full privileges. There are other rules that do not belong to the rwx (read, write, execute) security domain.
There have also been with network attached shares. Some programs will treat networked attached files differently. I believe that somebody mentioned Samba and that could be a problem. There have also been problems on the remote Apple directories.
Some of these have been mentioned in other posts but a lot of them don't follow the logical rules that you think they are following. Please remember Murphy's Correlary: Murphy was an optimist when he wrote his eponymous law.