Hello, I got the same error. I was building an app through Xcode on my device. However, it's only possible to add a card without error, when the app build is signed with AppStore certificate, so the error disappeared when I created TestFlight build.
This error can also mean that the app may not be entitled correctly or that you are using wrong TEAM ID.
Topic:
App & System Services
SubTopic:
Apple Pay
Tags: