Same problem here, also for a CI/CD scenario. In my case, this bug happens relatively frequently when running tart stop <vm> on a MacOS VM launched with nohup tart run --no-graphics <vm>. Like mentioned by OP, the workaround entirely rebooted the system.

Never mind, I realized I hadn't set the C++ standard version on my CMake build. I guess AppleClang builds with C++98 by default. After setting the C++ standard version, the build worked as expected.