Thanks! That worked. Just to be super explicit about what I did in case any one else runs into this problem:
Add a single new Localizable.strings file that is included in both the main app and the app clip
Make sure that file is marked as localizable
Run Export localizations again
In my case, the resulting xcloc file now looks like:
MainApp/
InfoPlist
MainAppAppClip/
InfoPlist
Shared/
Localizable
Localizable contains all the strings from both targets
Topic:
Developer Tools & Services
SubTopic:
Xcode
Tags: