I had a similar TestFlight issue in July (builds processed fine but wouldn't install — affected my whole account). Feedback Assistant was useless, only automated replies. What fixed it: I opened a case directly with Apple Developer Support (developer.apple.com/contact). A senior advisor confirmed it was an account-level backend issue on Apple's side, they 'took action' on July 15, and told me to wait 48h and upload a NEW build — after that everything worked.
Since your problem started exactly around July 15 and App Store Connect shows no errors, I'd bet it's related to backend changes Apple made then. Open a Developer Support case (not Feedback Assistant), mention it affects all your Mac Catalyst builds since July 15 while iOS works fine, and ask them to check your account/TestFlight config on their side. Also try uploading a fresh Catalyst build after contacting them — in my case old builds stayed broken, only new ones worked.
Topic:
App Store Distribution & Marketing
SubTopic:
TestFlight
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