The string $minimumSystemVersion is probably the result of some assuming on Apple's end that this key exists, such that they don't even have a message to say rather than this artifact of failed substitution with an actual value or something, when this key is missing.

@DTS Engineer I have used the entitlement for now, but usually on an Xcode project it'll disable hardened runtime on Ad Hoc builds -- any insight on why this isn't happening? The code is in the linked PR at iOS/testbed. Having said that, disabling library validation is a valid (pun intended) solution for now, since we've got plenty of stuff to sort out w/ the app. So thank you

@DTS Engineer Thank you for your attention to this issue. I'm not allowed to use an Apple Development identity as this project is distributed to others and we can't tell them that they have to have a signing identity. We're signing a stub app w/ a test suite that runs the CPython test suite on Mac Catalyst. If I use ad-hoc and hardened runtime, the Python binary in Python.framework won't load (code for the support: https://github.com/freakboy3742/cpython/pull/8#issuecomment-2837308049)