We parse the locationID out of the AVCaptureDevice.uniqueID and then find the IORegistry node with that locationID. Is there's a document declares how AVFoundation generate the unique_id for USB camera, no so I can assume this convert will always work? you can't Or is there's a way to send a PTZ control request to AVCaptureDevice? not that I know of. As far as I know, the only way is what you're doing. It looks that the unique_id provided is (locationID<<32|VendorID<<16|ProductID) as hex string, but I'm not sure if I can always assume this behavior won't change. Correct - it has changed in the past, it might change at any time in the future. Not all AVCaptureDevices are UVC, but they all have uniqueIDs. If you would like an API to clearly identify an AVCapture device in the IORegistry, please file a bug. I already did (in 2019, FB6146541)

Well, welcome. Most Apple documentation is a reference of API calls, generated from header files. It tells you how to spell them, what the parameters are, sometimes what those parameters mean, what OS versions you can use them in, and not much else. Learning from these resources is like trying to learn a natural language from a dictionary. Apple has some videos from WWDC presentations about new technologies, but these tend to assume familiarity with the language and the problem domain. In the olden days (maybe twenty years ago), I might have said "get a book", but books are out of date the moment they are written. If you have access to an AI, I can recommend this approach. Prompt it with a program you have written in Python. Tell it that you are a Python programmer, and you are new to Swift, and that it should translate the program to Swift, and explain what it does and how the code compares to the Python implementation. Ask it to provide links to relevant documentation. Then read the explanation it provides, follow the links, read those. Try out the code (remember, AI makes mistakes, confidently). There are also a lot of good resources on the web. If you're stuck with how to use a particular API, search for " example". Pretty soon you'll identify some sites you will want to return to again and again. Good luck!

look in ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/UserData/Provisioning Profiles for the Xcode-generated profile. You can use QuickLook to inspect the profile. If you added the DriverKit USB (development) Capability, your profile should have idVendor='*'. This wildcard value will only work for development builds. Your entitlements.plist should have an entry called com.apple.developer.driverkit.transport.usb or "DriverKit USB Transport' which is an array, containing one or more items, each of which is a dictionary. Each dictionary should have an item with key idVendor and value a decimal number equal to the vendor ID of the device you're driving.

This has often happened to me with code which is incorrect but not glaringly so. I've found that using an LLM is useful here. Just ask it "why can't the Swift compiler type check this in reasonable time: " and append the code. An LLM isn't as hard-nosed as a compiler; it can spot common errors like extra or missing commas. It might be worth suggesting this as an Xcode feature. Just as the compiler constantly runs in the background as you type, an LLM could constantly examine your code and point out oddities - things that might even compile, but are likely unintended, or possible reasons for compiler error messages.

Hi. Welcome to these forums, which are for developers to communicate with other developers (some of whom may work for Apple) about issues with developing software for Apple platforms. You're not going to get much traction here. Your issue seems to be a feature suggestion for Apple software. Apple have a web address where you can submit such feedback: https://www.apple.com/feedback/ It helps if you clearly identify what platform (macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS...) you are referring to, and clearly describe what feature you think is missing (close all what?). If you believe you have found a bug in Apple software, you can use this address: https://feedbackassistant.apple.com or the Feedback Assistant app.

I tried making a codeless dext which matches to my IOUSBHostInterface. It has a plist that looks like this: CFBundleIdentifierKernel = com.apple.kpi.iokit // not sure if this is required IOClass = AppleUSBHostMergeProperties // uses IOProviderMergeProperties IOMatchCategory = $(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER) // makes its matching unique IOProviderClass = IOUSBHostInterface // what I want to match against IOUserClass = force_alt0 // not sure I need this, because we don't need a user-space process at all // required properties for matching to a IOUSBHostInterface, // see https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1076/_index.html idProduct = x // my product's usb product ID, as a Number idVendor = y // my product's usb vendor ID, as a Number bInterfaceNumber = 0 bConfigurationValue = 1 IOProviderMergeProperties = { bInterfaceProtocol = 80 // 0x50 sentinelProperty = "I am just a string" } I can see in the IORegistry that my sentinelProperty is applied to the interface, but bInterfaceProtocol is not. If I look at the IORegistry without my codeless dext, I see this hierarchy IOUSBInterface bInterfaceProtocol = 0x62 IOUSBMassStorageInterfaceNub, bInterfaceProtocol = 0x50 IOUSBMassStorageDriverNub, bInterfaceProtocol = 0x62 IOUSBMassStorageUASDriverNub, bInterfaceProtocol = 0x62 with my codeless dext, I see the same classes, with the same values of bInterfaceProtocol. I expect that tweaking the bInterfaceProtocol value on the IOUSBHostInterface at driver match time doesn't make any difference. Something in the USB stack that matches later, perhaps the IOUSBMassStorageDriverNub, is looking at the IOUSBHostInterface and making its own decision about what alternate interface to set, which causes IOUSBHostInterface to set its own bInterfaceProtocol property value. The value I designate in my IOProviderMergeProperties dictionary may well be briefly applied to the IOUSBHostInterface, but is later overwritten. Is there some other way to convince the OS to not use alternate interface 1?

You're in the wrong place to ask questions like these. support.apple.com would be more appropriate.

Kevin, thanks for the suggestion. Unfortunately, it didn't work. I can put a different value for bInterfaceProtocol into the USB Device Info dictionary of the IOUSBMassStorageDriverNub, but that doesn't affect how the rest of the stack behaves. Whether I put 80 or 98 into bInterfaceProtocol, I always end up with a IOUSBMassStorageUASDriver attached to the IOUSBMassStorageDriverNub. I don't think modifying properties is going to work, unless there is some property I can add to the interface or the device that tells the stack "don't use alternate 1" or "always use alternate 0", which would require direct support from the USB stack.

the source code of memory_pressure is here: https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/system_cmds/blob/e0c267e80e451b9441ec4f4bb05dd72f0b49d596/memory_pressure/memory_pressure.c

Is com.apple.security.accessiblity a documented and valid entitlement? see https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/799000

I think the problem isn't so much the preset as the use of the AVExportSession itself, which can only accept presets. To get more control, you could use an AVAssetWriter. You can set it up with a preset to begin with, then alter some of the parameters.

https://developer.apple.com/programs/

you can see what iostat does by looking at its source code, which is here https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/system_cmds/tree/main/iostat

That sample doesn't quite work out of the box. Here is how you can get it to work on macOS 26 with Xcode 26 (and earlier versions of both, but that's what I'm using). Download the sample from https://developer.apple.com/documentation/driverkit/communicating-between-a-driverkit-extension-and-a-client-app?. Follow only some of the directions under Configure the sample code project: (turn off SIP) - skip this, it is no longer necessary Set Automatically manage signing for both the driver and the app targets Select a development team. Xcode will tell you that you cannot select an individual for this type of signing. ignore the advice about "Sign to run locally" and AD_HOC_CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED. ignore all the other stuff. You don't need to make profiles, add capabilities, manually download profiles or add them to Xcode. Now go the Build Settings for the driver and app target, and change the Product Bundle Identifier. The download project uses a disambiguation string that doesn't work, and you end up with very long bundle IDs which cause an error - see https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/785223 I used com.shorty.dext-to-user-client-2-${DEVELOPMENT_TEAM}.driver for the driver and com.shorty.dext-to-user-client-2-${DEVELOPMENT_TEAM} for the app Then, to make running and debugging easier, you can alter the Scheme for the app. In Xcode, at the top of the window, click on your app target and select Edit Scheme. In the dialog, expose the Build scheme and select the Post Actions. Add a new Run Script phase with this content: ditto "${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/${FULL_PRODUCT_NAME}" "/Applications/${FULL_PRODUCT_NAME}" That will put your app into /Applications every time you build it. Build the app. Next, tell the debugger to run that copy and not the one in the Build Products folder. Expose the Run part of the scheme, click on the Run section, then in the Info tab you'll see a popup for the Executable: location. Click that, select other..., navigate to your app in /Applications. Everything else should Just Work. It is possible to develop dexts if you're not a member of a development team, but it is much more difficult.

you said "selected it as a preview device" - what do you mean here? It sounds like you selected your model of phone for the simulator. In the middle top of the Xcode window, it shows your target name a run destination. By default, that run destination for an iOS app is a simulator. Plug in your phone. If it doesn't appear in the popup menu as a run destination, choose "Manage run destinations..." from that menu. It should show up as "discovered" in the list on the left of the Run Destinations window. The first time you pair the phone with Xcode takes quite a while (several minutes for me).