Not a great solution for you, but you may be able to learn more information about your installation error by viewing the Mac Console.app, viewing the console for your phone if connected via usb. I am facing installation issues for all enterprise builds I have done since 9/12/23 (the build from 9/11/23 still works), but I don't get any error message popup.
Good luck resolving your issue and please post back any solution that you find!
Topic:
Developer Tools & Services
SubTopic:
Xcode
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