Can confirm, based on what customer support said and my actions, it seems all I had to do was add a new version in App Store Connect to get the app in an editable state to edit the age ratings. After submitting the age ratings, the warning message at the top (about updating the age ratings) did not immediately disappear, but when I checked back maybe 20 minutes later, it had gone, so it seems it worked. Did not have to upload a new build, etc, although my current builds appear expired.
Topic:
App Store Distribution & Marketing
SubTopic:
App Store Connect
Tags: